GRATITUDE,COMPLIMENT & CONGRATULATION

Gratitude is also called thanking.
We say "thank you" when people give us something, give a compliment, wish us something, etc.

Expressing Gratitude:

• I should like to express my gratitude
• Thank you very much
• Thank for your help
• How can I thank you?
• I'm very grateful to you
• I can't thank you enough
• I'm very much obliged to you

Responding:

• It was the least I could do
• You're welcome
• No big deal
• Don't metion it
• It's a pleasure
• That's all right
• Any time

Compliment is expression that used to give praising to other people.
Some people use compliment to better up some dayor to flatter in order to increasegood will.

Expression Compliment:

• Good grades!
• Excellent!
• Nice work!
• Good job!
• What a nice dress!
• You look great!
• You look very nice!
• You look beautiful!
• You look handsome!
• I really must expressmy admiiration for your dance

Congratulation is expression that used to said congratulate to someone when get a success.

Expression Congratulation:

• Conratulation on your success
• I must congratulate you
• Congrats! Finally, your dream comes true!
• Please accept mywarmest congratulations
• I'd like to be first to congratulate you

Direct speech & Indirect speech

Direct Speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said (sometimes called quoted speech).

We use quotation marks (“______________”) and it should be word for word.

For example:

Nicky said, “It’s hot”.

Or

“It’s hot,” Nicky said.

Indirect speech refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.

Indirect speech is sometimes called reported speech.

The tense usually changes when reporting speech. This is because we are usually talking about a time in the past and obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past.

The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.

▪         Note: The reporting verbs that are usually used to report imperative sentences are: Tell, order, command, ask, warn, remind

▪         Don’t forget to mention the indirect object. Father warned me not to drive fast.

For example:

Direct speech Indirect speech

Present simple                                                                      Past simple

Vita said, “I eat fried rice.                              Vita said that she ate fried rice.

Past simple                                                                            Past Perfect

Mother said, “I went to market yesterday”.                           Mother said (that) she had gone to market the day before.

Future simple Past Future

Lea said, “I am going to wash my clothes”. Lea said (that) she was going to wash her clothes.

Dave said, “I will buy an I-Pod next week”.  Dave said (that) he would buy an I-Pod the week after.

Present continuous                                                             Past continuous

Gama said, “I am playing football”.                                        Gama said he was playing football.

Past continuous                                                                   Past perfect continuous

She said, “I was teaching earlier.”                                        She said she had been teaching earlier.

▪         When we want to report what someone said, we do not usually repeat their exact words, we use our words. We can use reporting verbs, such as tell, say, ask followed by ‘that-clause’.

Example: My mother said that she got up at 4 o’clock.

▪         When reporting verbs is in the Present, Present Perfect, or Future, there is no change of tense in the words reported.

Example: She will tell you

She says                       (that) she doesn’t know.

She has just said

In time expressions and pronouns

Direct speech	Indirect speech
Now Today/tonight Yesterday Tomorrow Last week Next week Ago	Then That day/that night The day before/the previous day The next/following day The previous week The following week/the week after Before
This/these Here Pronouns	That/those There They change according to the context

Sometimes we need to report someone’s questions. The reported question are introduced with the verb ask, inquire, wonder, want to know, etc.

Type	Form	Examples
Yes-No questions	Ask                    +  if/whether  +  subject  +  verb Wonder etc.	“Do you speak English?” - He wondered if I spoke English.
Wh-questions	Ask                    +  question word + subject +  verb Wonder etc.	“What are you watching?” - She asked what I am watching.

Surprise & Disbelief

Definition
Surprises and disbelief is an expression that we show/say when know/hear/see something that rather difficult to believe.

Expressing Surprise:

• Wow! What a surprise!
• That's a surprise!
• That's very surprising!
• Really?
• What?
• Are you serious? You must be joking!
• You're kidding!
• Fancy that!
• I must say it surprise me
• I find it hard to believe

Responding:

• Yeah!
• It is
• Yup!
• Sure
• It's true
• I'm serious
• No, I'm not
• Does it?
• It is, isn't it?

When you got surprising fact, you can say:

• Do you know what?
• Believe it or not?
• You may not believe it, but.....
• Can you believe this?

Example of Surprise:
Rensi: Whose car is that?
Yeyen: It's Tami
Rensi: Are you kidding me?
Yeyen: No, I'm not. I saw her riding that car this morning
Rensi: What's surprise!

Expressing Disbelief:

• I don't believe it
• It can't be true
• I can't think of it
• I don't trust you

Example of Disbelief:
Tetty: I heard the news about tiren. What is tiren, Diana?
Diana: "Tiren" stand for "mati kemarin". It is chicken meat taken from a dead chicken. In other word, it is a corpse.
Tetty: I can't believe this! How can people sell such chicken meat?
Diana: Some say, they want to get more bucks of money.
Tetty: I don't think they should do it. They cheat the buyers.
Diana: More than that. They harm the buyers.
Tetty: That's right!

Invitation ( written )

INVITATIONS
Most spore invitation are in the farm of question they often begin with will,would,would you like to,would you care to,etc
Offerins invitation
->Would you like to come to the restaurant this evening?
->Will you join us?
->Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
->Could you come to a party at my place tomorrow?
->I wander whether you would care to come on a picnic with us next week?
Accepting invitation
->Yes,I’d love very much.
->Thank you.
->Yes,with pleasure.
Reffusing
->If you don’t mind,i’d rather not.
->Thank you,i’m busy,may be next time.
->I have got another appointment.
->I’m sorry.
->I’ve lost to work to do.
EXAMPLE :
Invitation Verbal
Example:
We want to invite you to come to our house
Can you come to my restaurant?
Are you free tonight?
Accepting (menerima)
I like that
That sounds good
Thank you for inviting


Refusing(menolak)
I like that but I can’t
I’m very sorry for not able to come
Sorry, I’m very busy
Example invitation formal :
Example invitation formal :
Inviting Someone:

• I'd like to invite youto have dinner this saturday.
• I'd like to invite you to a party next friday
• I was wondering if you'd like to......
• Would you like to....?
• Will you come to....?

Accepting an Invitation:

• I'd love to
• That would be wonderful
• Yes, thank you. What time?
• Thanks. I'd love to
• That would be great, thanks

Declining an Invitation:

• I'm awfully sorry, I have other plans
• I wish I could, but....
• I'd really to, but.....
• Sorry. I've already made plans for saturday
• I would love to, but I .....

Example:
Roni: Hi, Vito. Tomorrow Dani and I are going to Depok Beach. Do you want to join?
Vito: Oh, sorry, but I'm not really interested in beaches. Er....by the way I'll be at my grandmother's house in Yogya. Please drop by.
Roni: Um...I'd love to. Thanks.

Asking For Information

There are a number of formulas when asking for information:

• Could you tell me...?
• Do you know...?
• Do you happen to know....?
• I'd like to know...
• Could you find out...?
• I'm interested in...
• I'm looking for...
• Could you give me some information about...
• Is it true that...
• Have you got an idea of...

These two forms are used for asking information on the telephone:

• I'm calling to find out...
• I'm calling about...

Narrative text

Narrative Text
Someone tells a narrative text in order to entertain, stimulate emotion or to teach.
A narrative text has three elements or parts :
1. The orientation introduces main characters in a setting of place and time. It tells about : the story’s setting , the time when the story happens, and the main characters of the story.
2. The complications tells the problems of the story and how the main characters solve them. Series of events ( It includes situations, activities, or events that lead to the climax or complication. )
3. The Resolution tells the ending of the story (The complication or problem is solved here. It shows the end of the story, usually a happy ending ).
A narrative text uses the simple past tense.
EXAMPLE :

The Prince and Princess

There once was a prince who wanted to marry a princess, but it had to be a real princess. So he went all over the world looking for a real princess. Everywhere he met young ladies who told him they were real princesses, but he could never be completely sure that this was true. There was always something about them that did not seem quite right. And so, after along time, the prince went back home to his parents and was very sad.
One evening there was a terrible storm. It rained heavily and there was thunder and lightning in the sky above the royal castle. Then there was a knock at the castle gate. The old king went out to see who it could be.
A princess was standing outside the gate. The rain ran down over her hair and clothes and into her shoes. She told the king that she was a real princess, and he asked her to come inside.
“Well, said the old queen. We’ll soon find out if that is true. She went into the guest bedroom and took the mattress and blanket off the bed. Then she put a little green pea on the bed. She put twenty mattress on top of the pea, and then twenty blankets on top of the mattress. This was where the princess was going to spend the night.
The next morning the queen asked the princess how she had slept.
“Oh, it was terrible!” answered the princess. “I didn’t close my eyes all night. I don’t know what was in my bed, but I lay on something hard, and now I am black and blue all over. It was quite a terrible night”
Now, the king, the queen and the prince could be sure that this was a real princess! She had felt the little pea through twenty mattresses and twenty blankets. Only a real princess will be able to do that!
So the prince married the princess, and the pea was put in a museum for everyone to see. And, unless someone has taken it, it is still there today.

MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

Modals in the past form

Modals
present	Past
can	could
will	would
shall	should
may	might

1. Could + Verb base

ô to offer suggestions or possibilities

Example:

Patrick : Oh, no! I left my shorts.

Spongebob : Don’t worry, Patrick. You could borrow my shorts.

Asmi : I’m having trouble with English.

Randah : Why don’t you ask Agnes? Perhaps she could help you.

ô to indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.

Example:

Tasya : Ras, can you climb the durian tree?

Rasya : Well… I could climb durian tree when I was so young.

But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.

Mia : Grandpa, what could you do when you were younger?

Grandpa : When I was younger, I could swim across the big river

very well and faster.

ô to express polite requests

Example: Could I borrow your pencil (please)?

Could you lend me your jacket now?

Could you please close the door?

Could you pass the salt?

2. Would + Verb base

ô for an action that was repeated regularly in the past

Example:

When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.

On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.

ô insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences

Example:

Justin : What would you rather do in the weekend, go to the party or stay home?

Eminem : I would rather go to the party than stay home.

Angel : Which country would you rather visit?

Maria : I would rather visit Italia than Somalia.

ô to express polite requests

Example:

Andi : Would you mind cycling with me, Kala?

Kala : No, not at all. It would be nice.

Mikola : Would you please pass the helmet, Bella?

Bella : No problem

3. Should + Verb base

ô to give definite advice (advisability)

Example:

Bunda : Putri, you should study tonight.

You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?

Putri : I will, Bunda.

Debby : You should paint your door, Bobby. It looks terrible.

Bobby : Yes, I know I should.

ô to express the subject’s obligation or duty

Example: You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend)

They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.

Application should be sent before March 25^th.

4. Might + Verb base

ô to tell possibilities

Example:

David : Where is Deddy?

Copperfield : He might be in the studio with Kalina.

ô To express polite requests

Example:

Tian : Might I borrow your coat?

Ringgo : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Donny for weeks and

I don’t know when he’ll return it.